OBSERVATION METHOD OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY

OBSERVATION METHOD OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY

Educational Psychology is the scientific study of human behaviour of the learner in relation to educational setting. To study the behaviour of the learner, there are different approaches or methods used. The methods are broadly categorized as methods of observation and methods of exposition.
        To study the human behaviour, the observation method is a very popular one. It is a method of measurement without instruments or looking outside oneself. In the words of Goods, "observation deals with the overt behaviour of persons in appropriate situations". Through this method, the individual's behaviour is observed by somebody other than the person himself and make certain generalisations about human behaviour. The outer manifestations or external behaviour or overt behaviour of the individual is observed objectively by this method, so that it gives indirectly clue to the understanding of the mental conditions of the individual. Infact it is an indirect approach to study the mental process. 
           Observation is one of the oldest techniques that man has made of. The observation may be of two types: natural or unscheduled or non- participant or uncontrolled or indirect observation and on the other hand, artificial or scheduled or participant or controlled or direct observation. In the first classification, the observer observes the actual behavioral characteristics of the subject or children without giving any hints or clue that their behaviour is observed. In the second classification, the observer mingles or establishes proper report with the subject so that they are not able to know that their behaviour is observed. 
        There are mainly four steps in the observation method. Observation of behaviour, Noting the behaviour, Interpretation and analysis of behaviour and Generalisation. 
         This method is very helpful to study the individual and group behaviour easily because no tools and techniques are required to study the behaviour. It is more objective, reliable, systematic, flexible, economical and verifiable method. The major drawback of this method is that the behaviour of the individual is interpreted wrongly due to personal interests, biasness of the observer and prejudices based on color, sex and religion, etc. Subjectivity affect the results of observation. 
          Apart from these drawbacks, Observation is the most commonly employed of all measurement techniques. In the present as well as in the past, students have been labelled as good, fair or poor in achievement and lazy or diligent in study etc on the basis of observation. 

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